Note

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Hugging Face

BoilingBench Multimodal → FiftyOne (Native Multimodal MCAP)#

preview

BoilingBench-Multimodal from the NED³ laboratory at the University of Arkansas, converted to native multimodal MCAP episodes.

A copper surface is driven past the onset of boiling while a high-speed camera watches from the side and a hydrophone, a microphone and an acoustic-emission sensor listen. Boiling changes character before it changes appearance, and the release is built so that both can be read against each other: every modality carries a recorded clock offset against the temperature acquisition, so the sound, the surface temperature and the frames sit on one timeline.

Two closed-loop immersion-cooling runs are carried alongside the pool-boiling experiments, recorded in infrared with HFE-7100 and water over a flat device.

Installation#

pip install fiftyone

Usage#

import fiftyone as fo
import fiftyone.utils.huggingface as fouh

dataset = fouh.load_from_hub(
    "Voxel51/BoilingBench-Multimodal",
    name="BoilingBench-Multimodal",
    persistent=True,
)
fo.launch_app(dataset)

The runs that reached the highest wall temperature:

view = dataset.sort_by("max_surface_temp_C", reverse=True)
fo.launch_app(dataset, view=view)

What you get#

Seven episodes and 1.72 hours of recording, holding 389,483 camera frames, 3,392,459 thermal samples and 171,970 acoustic-emission hits.

The four pool-boiling episodes each carry:

  • /video, the side view of the heater as foxglove.CompressedVideo

  • /thermal.plot, surface temperature, heat flux, wall superheat, heat transfer coefficient, saturation temperature, pressure and DC power

  • /thermocouples.plot, the four embedded thermocouples the surface temperature and heat flux are fitted from

  • /acoustic-power.plot, band-integrated power in V² and dB, per sensor

  • /acoustic-frequency.plot, peak frequency, spectral centroid and spectral bandwidth, per sensor

  • /ae-hits.plot, per-hit amplitude, energy, absolute energy, duration, counts, rise time and average and peak frequency

  • /events, the release’s derived markers stamped where they were found: departure from nucleate boiling, the surface temperature peak, the critical-heat-flux marker, the return to nucleate boiling, and the DC power start and shutoff

  • /instruction, the surface, fluid and condition being run

The two infrared episodes carry /video, /ir-temperature.plot and /thermocouples.plot. The hydrophone reference run carries /acoustic-power.plot and /thermal.plot and ships no video.

Episode

Source

Surface

Condition

Duration

Frames

Capture

ambient-subcooled-flat-cu

BoilingBench-1

flat copper

ambient subcooled

16m29s

96,331

97 fps

subatmospheric-saturated-flat-cu

BoilingBench-2

flat copper

subatmospheric saturated

25m57s

96,331

62 fps

ambient-saturated-cu-foam

BoilingBench-3

copper foam

ambient saturated

9m16s

82,603

149 fps

ambient-saturated-flat-cu

BoilingBench-4

flat copper

ambient saturated

6m26s

58,933

153 fps

ambient-saturated-hydrophone

BoilingBench-6

flat copper

ambient saturated

4m25s

—

acoustic only

immersion-water-100w

BoilingBench-7

flat device

water, 100 W

13m43s

15,150

18 fps IR

immersion-hfe7100-50w

BoilingBench-7

flat device

HFE-7100, 50 W

27m01s

40,135

25 fps IR

Episodes carry the fields experiment, test_id, surface, fluid, condition, analysis_mode, duration, applied_heat_load_W_cm2, input_subcooling_C, pressure_mean_kPa, saturation_temperature_C, max_surface_temp_C, max_heat_flux_W_cm2, chf_proxy_W_cm2, chf_event_status, dnb_time_s, nbr_W_cm2, dc_power_start_s, dc_power_shutoff_s, acoustic_sensors, critical_events and the per-stream counts. The infrared episodes add applied_power_W, ir_metric and max_ir_temperature_C.

Episode

Peak wall temperature

Peak heat flux

CHF marker

subatmospheric-saturated-flat-cu

250.1 °C

43.3 W/cm²

40.1 W/cm²

ambient-saturated-cu-foam

236.9 °C

165.4 W/cm²

165.4 W/cm²

ambient-saturated-flat-cu

173.1 °C

88.6 W/cm²

88.6 W/cm²

ambient-subcooled-flat-cu

172.9 °C

278.0 W/cm²

177.3 W/cm²

The critical-heat-flux figures are the release’s own screening markers rather than independently validated measurements, and each episode carries the source’s chf_event_status alongside them.

Notes on the conversion#

Every sensor stream is placed on the temperature acquisition clock using the offset table the release publishes, so the acoustic-emission sensor opens about eight seconds before the temperature record and lands there.

The camera is the exception: it carries no offset record, and its container duration is the run stretched for playback at 30 fps. Frames are placed by scaling container time onto the run, and the result is checked against the logged DC power events. On ambient-subcooled-flat-cu the onset of boiling brackets the power start at 5.2 s and the decay begins where shutoff is logged at 673.9 s; subatmospheric-saturated-flat-cu agrees at its shutoff. Each episode carries the video_time_scale and video_capture_fps it was placed with.

The infrared runs need no scaling. Their temperature tables carry one row per recorded frame, so frames take their times directly.

Plot channels are thinned to 10 Hz. The thermal acquisition runs at 3 kHz on two of the experiments, and the full rate is not readable on a timeline. The hydrophone in the reference run is carried as a windowed RMS rather than a decimated sample, since the waveform runs at 2 kHz and a thinned copy of it carries no signal.

Video is re-encoded to Annex-B H.264 without B-frames.

The release also ships a human-annotated still-image set and the raw acquisition files, including a 12.6 GB acoustic-emission waveform per experiment. Neither is carried here; the derived series the release publishes alongside them are.

License & attribution#

The source release is distributed under CC BY 4.0, and this conversion is distributed under the same license.

@misc{boilingbench,
  title  = {BoilingBench-Multimodal},
  author = {{NED\textsuperscript{3} Laboratory, University of Arkansas}},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://github.com/UARK-NED3/BoilingBench-Multimodal}
}

The individual experiments carry their own citations:

@article{dunlap2023acoustic,
  title   = {Nonintrusive Heat Flux Quantification Using Acoustic Emissions
             During Pool Boiling},
  author  = {Dunlap, Connor and Pandey, Hari and Weems, Ethan and Hu, Han},
  journal = {Applied Thermal Engineering},
  volume  = {228},
  pages   = {120558},
  year    = {2023}
}

@inproceedings{pandey2024immersion,
  title     = {Two-Phase Immersion Cooler for Medium-Voltage Silicon Carbide
               MOSFETs},
  author    = {Pandey, Hari and others},
  booktitle = {IEEE ITherm},
  year      = {2024}
}

Changes from the source: conversion to the FiftyOne MCAP flavor, re-encoding of the video to H.264, placement of every stream on the published temperature clock, thinning of the derived series to a readable rate, and encoding of the sensor, acoustic and event streams as message streams.